No matter how long you live, time takes a toll on the organs and systems in your body. How and when this happens is unique to you. A number of typical changes to expect as you age comprise:
Cardiovascular System
Sooner or later, your heart muscle becomes a less efficient pump, working harder to pump the same amount of blood through your body. In addition, your blood vessels become less elastic. Toughened fatty deposits may form on the walls of your arteries provoking atherosclerosis, thus narrowing the passageway through the vessels. Such natural loss of elasticity, together with atherosclerosis, makes your arteries stiffer, causing your heart to work even harder to pump blood through them. All these changes can lead to high blood pressure, also called hypertension.
Bones, Muscles and Joints
As a rule your bones reach their maximum mass between ages 25 and 35.In the course of time, your bones shrink in size and density. Eventually you might become shorter. Continuing loss of thickness weakens your bones and makes them more susceptible to fracture. As you age your muscles, tendons and joints generally lose some strength and flexibility as well.
Digestive System
As you get older, swallowing and the motions that automatically move digested food through your intestines slow down. General amount of surface area within your intestines reduces slightly. And visa versa, the flow of secretions from your stomach, liver, pancreas and small intestine may decrease. All these changes generally don't disturb your digestive process, so you may never notice them. However, you might notice more constipation.
Kidneys, Bladder and Urinary Tract
In the course of time, your kidneys become less efficient in removing waste from your bloodstream. Chronic conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure, and some medications can damage your kidneys further.
More than 30 percent of people age 65 and older experience a loss of bladder control, causing urinary incontinence. Enuresis or incontinence can be caused by a number of health problems, such as obesity, frequent constipation and chronic cough.
As compared with men, women are more likely to have incontinence. Women who've been through menopause might experience stress incontinence as the muscles around the opening of the bladder (the sphincter muscles) lose strength and bladder reflexes change. Since estrogen levels decline, the tissue lining the tube through which urine passes (urethra) becomes thinner. Consequently, pelvic muscles become weaker, reducing bladder support.
As for older men, incontinence is sometimes caused by an enlarged prostate, which can block the urethra. Namely this makes it difficult to empty your bladder and can cause small amounts of urine to leak.
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